A horse harness is a complex system of straps, buckles, and other components designed to distribute the pulling force of a horse to a vehicle or implement. Understanding the different parts is crucial for anyone working with horses, whether for pleasure riding, competitive driving, or historical reenactments. This guide will break down the key components, answering common questions along the way.
What are the Main Parts of a Horse Harness?
The core components of a horse harness can be broadly categorized into those that fit around the horse's body and those that connect the horse to the load. The specific pieces and their names can vary slightly depending on the type of harness (e.g., driving harness, riding harness), but the fundamental elements remain consistent.
Parts on the Horse:
- Bridle: While technically not part of the harness, the bridle is essential and works in conjunction with it. It controls the horse's head and direction. Key components include the bit, reins, headstall, and throatlatch.
- Collar: (For draft horses) This sits around the horse's shoulders and chest, distributing the pulling force across a large surface area to prevent injury. Different types exist, such as the straight collar and the hame collar (used with hames).
- Breastcollar: This strap sits across the horse's chest, helping to prevent the harness from slipping back. It also provides additional support for the pulling action.
- Traces: These straps connect the collar or breastcollar to the singletree or whippletree (explained below). They transmit the pulling power from the horse to the vehicle.
- Backband: This runs horizontally across the horse's back, supporting the rest of the harness. It provides a point of attachment for other straps.
- Crupper: This strap attaches to the back of the saddle and prevents the harness from slipping forward. Primarily used in riding harnesses.
- Bellyband: Encircles the horse’s belly, supporting the harness and preventing it from shifting. Similar to a girth used in saddles.
Parts Connecting Horse to Load:
- Singletree/Whippletree: This pivoting device distributes the pulling force evenly to both traces, preventing uneven strain on the horse. It converts the single pulling force of the horse into a pulling force suitable for the implement.
- Hames (with Hame Collar): These are metal pieces that fit over the horse's shoulders on a hame collar, preventing direct pressure on the horse's neck.
- Breeching: This strap goes around the horse's hindquarters and helps control the vehicle, especially when going downhill. Provides braking assistance.
- Shafts or Pole: The shafts or pole connect the singletree to the vehicle or implement the horse is pulling.
What is the Difference Between a Draft Harness and a Riding Harness?
The primary difference lies in the intended purpose. A draft harness is designed for heavy pulling, like plowing fields or pulling a wagon. It emphasizes distributing the pull across the shoulders and chest. It typically features a collar, hames (often), and a robust system for transferring power. A riding harness complements the saddle and is generally lighter. It focuses on controlling the horse while carrying a rider and potentially light loads.
How Do I Put a Horse Harness On?
Proper harnessing techniques are crucial to avoid injury to both horse and handler. Beginners should seek guidance from experienced handlers or professionals. A thorough understanding of each part's placement and function is necessary. There are numerous videos and instructional guides readily available online, but always prioritize hands-on instruction to ensure safe and correct application.
What are the Different Types of Horse Harnesses?
Many variations exist beyond the broad categories of draft and riding. The type of harness used depends on the specific task, the breed of horse, and historical context. Examples include:
- Driving harnesses: Used for various types of vehicles.
- Show harnesses: Show harnesses often incorporate more elaborate designs and decorative elements.
- Working harnesses: Built for durability and functionality in agricultural settings.
What Materials are Used to Make Horse Harnesses?
Traditionally, leather was the primary material, prized for its strength, durability, and suppleness. Modern harnesses may utilize synthetic materials for certain parts, offering advantages in cost or water resistance. However, high-quality leather remains the preferred choice for many.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the parts of a horse harness. Remember, understanding and correctly utilizing these components ensures both the safety and well-being of the horse and those working with it.
