Amber, fossilized tree resin, captivates with its warm glow and fascinating history. But with its increasing popularity, the market is flooded with imitations. Knowing how to distinguish genuine amber from its counterfeits is crucial, whether you're a collector, jewelry enthusiast, or simply curious. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently identify real amber.
What are the Common Tests for Authenticity?
Several methods can help determine the authenticity of amber. However, it's essential to remember that no single test is foolproof, and combining several tests provides the most accurate results.
1. The Saltwater Test
This is a classic and widely used test. Genuine amber has a lower density than saltwater.
- How to perform the test: Mix equal parts salt and water until the salt dissolves. Submerge the amber piece in the solution. Real amber will float, while most imitations (glass, plastic) will sink. Note: Some treated amber might partially float, making this test not entirely conclusive on its own.
2. The Heat Test (Use Caution!)
This test should be approached with extreme caution, as excessive heat can damage amber.
- How to perform the test: Gently heat a needle or pin with a lighter and then touch it to the amber. Real amber will release a pine-like scent; it will also slightly soften under the heat (never hold it directly in a flame). Imitations will generally not smell like pine and might melt or deform more readily. Caution: This test carries a significant risk of damaging the amber, particularly if it's a delicate piece.
3. The UV Light Test
Amber often fluoresces under UV light.
- How to perform the test: Expose the amber to a UV light (blacklight). Genuine amber may exhibit fluorescence, though the color varies depending on the type of amber and the UV light source. Some imitations may also fluoresce, making this test unreliable on its own.
4. The Friction Test
Rubbing amber can produce a static charge.
- How to perform the test: Rub the amber vigorously on a cloth. If it attracts small pieces of paper or lint, it could be genuine amber. This is because amber naturally builds up a static charge. However, other materials also build a static charge, making this test inconclusive by itself.
What Materials are Often Misrepresented as Amber?
Knowing what materials are commonly used to imitate amber helps in your identification process.
1. Copal
Copal is a fossilized resin that’s younger than amber. It often looks similar but is much less durable and can be differentiated by its softness. It will also generally smell differently upon heating.
2. Plastic
Many plastics are created to resemble amber. The saltwater test is the most effective way to differentiate them. Plastic will invariably sink.
3. Glass
Glass is another common imitation. While it can be difficult to detect in some cases, the saltwater test, heat test (glass will not release a pine scent and will melt), and a careful examination of the surface for bubbles or inconsistencies can be revealing.
How to Determine the Value of Amber
The value of amber depends heavily on several factors:
- Clarity and Color: Intense, clear, and undamaged pieces are the most valuable.
- Size and Shape: Larger pieces and those with interesting shapes or inclusions are more desirable.
- Inclusion: Inclusions (insects or plant matter trapped inside) significantly enhance the value of amber.
- Origin: Amber from different regions (e.g., Baltic amber) has varying levels of demand.
Where Can I Learn More About Authenticating Amber?
For a deeper dive into amber identification, consider consulting gemology resources, contacting a reputable gemologist or jeweler, or researching specific types of amber.
By combining several of the tests described above, along with a careful visual examination, you can significantly improve your ability to tell if amber is real. Remember, cautious and considered testing is crucial – some tests can damage the amber, so proceed with care.
