The Civil War era saw a fascinating array of military accoutrements, and among the most sought-after items by collectors are the shoulder box plates worn by Union soldiers. These seemingly simple pieces of brass or other metal offer a glimpse into the history and organization of the Federal Army. This guide delves into the intricacies of these plates, providing information for both seasoned collectors and those just beginning their journey into Civil War artifacts.
What is a Civil War Federal Shoulder Box Plate?
Civil War Federal shoulder box plates were small, rectangular plates typically made of brass, although other metals were occasionally used. They were attached to the shoulder straps of a soldier's uniform coat, usually near the point where the strap met the collar. Their primary purpose was to identify the soldier's unit, regiment, and sometimes even his company. This was crucial in the chaotic conditions of battle, allowing officers to quickly identify soldiers and maintain order. The plates often featured engraved or stamped information, including the unit designation (e.g., "U.S. Infantry," "1st New York Volunteers"). The design and lettering varied depending on the manufacturer, time period, and specific unit.
What types of markings did they have?
Markings on Civil War Federal shoulder box plates varied considerably. Some common markings included:
- Unit Designation: This was the most common marking, clearly stating the soldier's regiment and branch of service (Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery). For example, "20th Mass. Vols." would indicate a soldier from the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.
- Company Letter: Some plates included a letter designating the soldier's company within the regiment (e.g., "Co. A").
- Manufacturer's Mark: Subtle markings from the manufacturer sometimes appear, offering clues to their origin and production methods.
- Individual Soldier Markings: In rare instances, a soldier might have added personal markings, although this is less common on official issue plates.
How were they attached to the uniform?
Shoulder box plates were typically attached to the shoulder straps using screws or rivets. The precise method varied based on the design of both the plate and the uniform itself. The placement was usually near the point where the shoulder strap met the collar of the jacket, making them easily visible.
What are the different types of Federal Shoulder Box Plates?
There's no single, standardized typology for these plates, as variations arose from different manufacturers, unit-specific orders, and even the availability of materials during the war. However, collectors generally categorize them based on design features like size, shape, material, and markings. Detailed research into specific regiments and their uniform regulations is often necessary for precise identification.
How can I identify a genuine Civil War shoulder box plate?
Identifying genuine Civil War shoulder box plates requires careful examination and a degree of expertise. Several factors can point toward authenticity:
- Material: The material should be consistent with what was commonly used during the Civil War era (brass being most prevalent).
- Markings: The markings should be consistent with known unit designations and styles of the period. Researching the specific unit is crucial.
- Construction: Examine the construction techniques for evidence of period-appropriate methods.
- Condition: While wear and tear are expected on authentic pieces, excessive damage or inconsistencies may indicate a reproduction.
Consulting with reputable Civil War artifact experts and collectors is highly recommended when verifying authenticity.
Where can I find more information on Civil War Federal shoulder box plates?
Numerous resources exist for researching Civil War military artifacts. These include:
- Books and periodicals: Specialized publications on Civil War military uniforms and equipment often contain detailed information.
- Museums and historical societies: Museums and societies dedicated to the Civil War frequently have collections and experts who can assist with identification.
- Online forums and communities: Online communities dedicated to Civil War collecting provide opportunities to connect with experienced collectors and share knowledge.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding Civil War Federal shoulder box plates. Remember that careful research and expert consultation are key to accurately identifying and appreciating these fascinating pieces of history.
