The list of "works of the flesh" in Galatians 5:19-21 is a cornerstone of Christian theology, often misunderstood and misapplied. This passage isn't simply a list of sins to avoid; it's a description of behaviors stemming from a life lived apart from the Holy Spirit, contrasting sharply with the fruit of the Spirit detailed in the following verses. Understanding these "works" requires delving into their context and meaning, moving beyond a simple checklist.
This article will explore each of the 17 works of the flesh, providing insight into their individual meanings and their interconnectedness. We'll also address common questions surrounding this passage, clarifying misunderstandings and offering a balanced perspective.
The 17 Works of the Flesh: A Detailed Examination
Galatians 5:19-21 lists the following "works of the flesh":
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Sexual Immorality (Porneia): This encompasses a broad range of sexual acts outside the bounds of marriage, including adultery, fornication, and other forms of sexual misconduct. It speaks to a disregard for God's design for sexuality and intimacy.
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Impurity (Akathaisia): This refers to a state of moral uncleanness, encompassing thoughts, actions, and desires that defile the spirit. It goes beyond specific acts to a pervasive condition of spiritual impurity.
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Sensuality (Ashegneia): This translates to unrestrained indulgence in sensual pleasures, prioritizing physical gratification over spiritual well-being. It focuses on the excessive pursuit of bodily desires.
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Idolatry: Worshiping anything or anyone other than God. This can include overt acts of worship but also subtly placing other things—wealth, power, possessions—above God.
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Sorcery (Pharmakeia): This refers to the practice of magic, witchcraft, or any attempt to manipulate supernatural forces outside of God's will.
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Enmity (Ekhthra): Deep-seated hatred, hostility, and bitter antagonism towards others. This goes beyond simple disagreements to a spirit of malice and ill will.
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Strife (Eris): Discord, contention, and quarreling, marked by a spirit of competition and a desire to dominate others.
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Jealousy (Zelos): A bitter resentment towards another's possessions, success, or good fortune. It stems from a covetous heart and a lack of contentment.
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Fits of Anger (Thumos): Outbursts of uncontrolled rage and fury. This refers to a volatile temper that easily erupts into violence or harsh words.
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Selfishness (Eris): While often translated as "selfish ambition," this word emphasizes discord and internal conflict, highlighting how self-centeredness creates internal division and struggles.
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Dissension (Dichostasia): Division, disagreement, and schism within a community. This points to the destructive consequences of internal conflict and a lack of unity.
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Factions (Zeal): The formation of competing groups or cliques, marked by loyalty to a particular cause or leader. This highlights the destructive effects of division and rivalry.
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Envy (Phthonos): A feeling of resentment towards another's success or achievements. It's a more subtle form of jealousy, often manifesting as a silent resentment.
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Drunkenness (Metho): Excessive consumption of alcohol leading to intoxication and impaired judgment.
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Orgies (Komos): Wild and unrestrained revelries, often involving excessive drinking and sexual misconduct.
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And such things as these: This phrase indicates that the preceding list isn't exhaustive, encompassing other behaviors that share a similar spirit.
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I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. This concluding statement emphasizes the serious consequences of persistently living a life governed by the flesh.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What does it mean to "inherit the kingdom of God"?
"Inheriting the kingdom of God" refers to experiencing the blessings and eternal life promised to those who are in right relationship with God through faith in Jesus Christ. It signifies a life transformed by the power of the Holy Spirit, characterized by love, joy, peace, and other fruits of the Spirit.
Are these sins unpardonable?
No, all sins are pardonable through repentance and faith in Jesus Christ's atoning sacrifice. The passage emphasizes the incompatibility between living under the control of the flesh and experiencing the full blessings of God's kingdom.
Is this list exhaustive?
No. The phrase "and such things as these" explicitly states that this isn't an exhaustive list, acknowledging that other similar behaviors fall under the umbrella of "works of the flesh."
How can I overcome these works of the flesh?
Overcoming these behaviors is a process of ongoing surrender to God's grace and the empowering work of the Holy Spirit. This involves seeking God's forgiveness, engaging in regular prayer and Bible study, and surrounding oneself with a supportive Christian community.
This examination of the 17 works of the flesh provides a deeper understanding of Galatians 5:19-21. Remember, these works are not isolated actions but symptoms of a life lived apart from the Spirit. Focusing on cultivating the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) provides a powerful antidote to the works of the flesh. The journey is one of continual growth and reliance on God's grace.
